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What are the physics concerning black holes? I have heard two things about black holes:
1. Anything that enters is stretched or forced into a thin paste and comes out in a different universe or something.
2. Anything tat enters is smooshed or compressed and then the remains are pushed out of the sides of the black hole in the form of dust or some kind of matter.
What I want to know, what happens to the remains of something when it goes into a black hole? | 1. You'd get stretched out as you fell in because the gravity of a black hole is so intense that if you fell in feet first, your feet would experience a greater pull than your head. But no, you don't come out in another universe. A black hole isn't an actual hole in space; it doesn't go anywhere. It's just a really dense dead star.
2. You'd get squished when you finally reached the surface (if you ever did) and become part of the probably-degenerate matter that makes up the black hole. No, you don't get pushed out the sides in any form. Once you fall in, you're in there for good. Sometimes you see hot gas and light streaming away from a black hole, but only because it never got close enough to fall in. | What would be the Schwarzsguy radii of black holes of 1 million and 1 billion solar masses? Supermassive black holes are thought to exist in the centers of many galaxies.
What would be the Schwarzsguy radii of black holes of 1 million and 1 billion solar masses, respectively in km?
How does the 1-million-solar-mass black hole compare in size with the Sun?
How does the 1-billion-solar-mass black hole compare in size with the solar system? | Well, lets find out.
Rs = 2MG / C^2
Rs = (2)((1.98e30)(1.0e6))(6.674e-11) / (299792458)^2
Rs = 2.8 * 10^9m or 2.8 * 10^6km
That would be the Schwarzsguys radius for the one with a million solar masses. To find the one with a billion just change (1.0e6) to (1.0e9). | How are the supermassive black holes of the galaxy centers formed? Some black holes are formed from the cores of the massive stars.
What about the other black holes?
How are they formed? | A black hole with a mass of several hundred thousand to more than ten billion solar masses. The central region of virtually every galaxy is thought to contain an object of this type. The primary evidence for supermassive black holes comes from optical and radio observations which show a sharp rise in the velocities of stars or gas clouds orbiting the centers of galaxies. High orbital velocities mean that something massive is creating a powerful gravitational field which is accelerating the stars. Additionally, X-ray observations indicate that a large amount of energy is produced in the centers of many galaxies, presumably by material falling into the accretion disk that surrounds the central black hole.
The current heavyweight champion of known supermassive black holes is that at the center of a quasar called OJ287. This quasar lies about 3.5 billion light-years away in the constellation Cancer. The mass of its central black hole, which is six times greater than that of the next nearest known rival, has been measured quite accurately because there is actually a second massive black hole in the heart of the OJ287 system. The smaller black hole, which has a mass of only about 100 million Suns, orbits around its much greater partner at a distance of about 1.5 light-years.
How supermassive black holes form
One theory is that an individual star-like black hole forms and swallows up enormous amounts of matter over the course of millions of years to produce a supermassive black hole. Another possibility is that a cluster of star-like black holes forms and eventually merges into a single, supermassive black hole. Or, a single large gas cloud could collapse to form a supermassive black hole.
Recent research, including results from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, suggests that galaxies and their central black holes do not grow steadily, but in fits and starts. In the beginning of a growth cycle, the galaxy and its central black hole accumulate matter. The energy generated by the jets that accompany the growth of the supermassive black hole eventually brings the in-fall of matter and the growth of the galaxy to a halt. The activity around the central black hole then ceases because of the lack of a steady supply of matter, and the jets disappear. Millions of years later the hot gas around the galaxy cools and resumes falling into the galaxy, initiating a new season of growth.
Supermassive black holes and active galaxies
If the accretion disk of the central black hole is well supplied with matter falling in from the immediate surroundings of the galactic nucleus, then it will generate large amounts of energy together with powerful jets of radiation in both directions along the rotation axis of the black hole. This gives rise to the phenomenon known as an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Quasars, BL Lacertae objects, and Seyfert galaxies are among the various manifestations of AGN, which depend on the degree of activity and the orientation of the jets of the AGN with respect to our line of sight.
Supermassive black holes and their associated accretion disks were particularly big energy producers in the early universe when galaxies were still young and their inner regions well stocked with material that could feed the central engine. In the present-day universe, most galaxies, including our own Milky Way, are much more sedate. However, AGN activity can still be rekindled if a fresh supply of matter becomes available, as for example occurs when two galaxies collide, or a large galaxy swallows a smaller neighbor. | What is preventing microscopic black holes from causing a person to implode? The theroy I've heard is black holes are more common and some can be microscopic. If that is true, what prevents them from collapsing a person? I'm not trying to be dumb, I just don't understand how this can be. | Mr. Zwick is close, but its not an infinite amount of matter. Any amount of matter, when packed together tightly enough will produce a black hole.
Density=Mass/Volume
As volume approaches zero, the density approaches infinity - no matter how much mass is present. Density determines whether there is an event horizon and a singularity - ie - is it a black hole
However, the gravitational force of a black hole (or any body) is a function of its mass alone. The lifespan (see below) and strength of the gravity field is determined by overall mass.
Thus, you can have a mass at infinite density without it having sufficient gravity to pull much at all in. True, if given enough time, the blackhole will continue to consume and thus will eventually grow big, increase its gravitational field and be able to stretch its reach further. However, black holes don't live forever.
So here's the answer to your question as the best models explain it so far - according to Stephen Hawkings, black holes evaporate through a process called Hawkings Radiation. This is sort of like a black hole evaporating through quantum parity interactions.
With a microscopic black hole, the evaporation happens faster than its gravity is strong so its loosing mass faster than its gaining new mass. Its gravity isn't strong enough to overcome the other forces acting on its potential victims.
Atoms produce their own gravity field for instance, but since they are so small, the electro magnetic force at that scale is far more powerful. Likewise, inside the nucleus, you'd think the electro magnetic force between the protons would cause them to repel. They would, at larger scales, but when you get that small, the strong nuclear force is more powerful.
Gravity is the weakest of all the forces (assuming Einstein is wrong and that gravity IS a force afterall).
Gravity is weaker than the electromagnetic force - that's why you don't fall through the sidewalk but rather walk on top of it.
Electromagnetism is weaker than the weak nuclear force - that's why atomic the atomic nucleus can break down and give off alpha and beta particles.
The weak nuclear force is weaker than the strong nuclear force - that's why the nucleus stays intact rather than the neutrons all decaying.
The larger you get, the less impact a force has - gravity is weak, but acts over long distances, the strong is strong but acts over short distances. | What is it about The singularity of black holes that physicists can't calculate? I know that many things about supposed black holes is calculable, but I've heard top physicists and astronomers say that still, some things are not understood, and that a new type of physics is needed to understand the equation. Is anyone smart enough to know how to explain this to me in layman's terms? | In General Relativity (GR), space and time can be represented by real numbers. No matter now small a non-zero number is, there are still more numbers between it and zero. No matter how small a section of space is, in GR it can be made smaller yet. Also the same with time.
But in quantum mechanics physics (QM), that's not true. Once you get down to the "Plank length" and the "Plank time", you can't get any smaller.
Nobody has figured out yet how to bring these ideas together. We know that GR works -- until you get down to very small spaces and times. We know that QM works -- until you get to very strong gravitation forces and very high speeds. But a workable set of equations for "quantum gravity" doesn't exist.
In general:
masses up to 10^-23 kg, sizes up to 10^-10 m==> use QM
masses from 10^-23 kg to 10^30 kg ==> use Newtonian physics
masses above 10^30 kg, speeds beyond 0.1% light speed ==> use GR
But what if you have a mass over 10^30 kg, in a space less than 10^-10 m? QM and GR give different answers for how it behaves, they can't both be right! | What would happen if two if two black holes were to colided with each other? There are so many galaxies clashing into one and other and in the centre of most galaxies there is a black holes.What would happen if two black holes collided? | Well, first things first, black holes don't "collide" per se. They are the result of supermassive objects bending space-time to create a "canyon" of sorts in the space-time continuum. So, assuming that two black holes have grown large enough to interact, the most likely result is that the two will combine and form an even larger black hole.
Think of placing a bowling ball on a stretched out bed sheet. Logically, it will pull part of the sheet down due to gravity. Now, if one were to place another bowling ball at another point on the sheet, this would create a deeper, more rounded depression in the sheet. This is a somewhat simple analogue of what black holes do to spacetime. So, for two to interact would result in an even more massive depression in the continuum. | What is the connection between classical mechanics and black holes? I know that this asking about the link between Newton's laws of gravitation and black holes but I'm not sure exactly what the links are. | for a mass of radius R and mass m the F gravity at the surface is F = GmM/R^2
but F decreases with distance
"escape" velocity is the speed from R to reach a distance so great that F gravity ==== 0
that requires integral calculus and has a 1/r form i think
to if V escape => C . nothing can escape,not even light
B-H is NOT Newtonian, it is general relativity and "curvature of space time" | What are the chances of finding a two-way wormhole against regular black holes? Regular black holes are the ones that have a dead end.
Two-way wormholes are black holes that serve as entry points to each other that resembles a portal. | If a black hole could exist there would be a singularity at the center,a point of no dimensions.
A worm hole connected to a remote point in space implies that space in some way would be folded to bring the worm hole in contact with another point in space.
The universe expands spherically so any two points in space are always separated from each other making it impossible for a worm hole to be a portal. | Do black holes eventually become a star or planet? I get that Black Holes are sooo dense that they have enormous gravity that sucks in matter and even light. Supposedly all this energy and matter adds to the mass of the black hole, right? Would the black hole eventually become a planet or a star? At what point would it stop sucking? | It would never become a planet or a star. Once matter goes into a black hole, it is gone forever from our universe. While objects that are sucked in do contribute to the black hole's mass, the gravitational pull of a black hole prevents that mass from becoming a star. In fact, that additional mass adds to the power of the gravitational pull.
Black holes are the remnants of stars, not the building blocks. | What essentially are black holes and how do they function? The more you study black holes the more mysterious and inexplicable they become. They are so bizarre and yet are crucial for our and the universes' existence. Would be grateful if someone could shed some light on them! (unintended physics pun!) :) | | They are collapsed stars. So, the density of the object is virtually infinite. Consequently, the gravitational pull of these objects is stronger than the gravitational pull of every other object in its vicinity including light. |
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